MOSCOW – Russia is strengthening its commitment to deep-space exploration with plans to deploy a nuclear power facility on the lunar surface by 2036, aiming to support long-term habitation, scientific research and joint lunar operations with China.
Roscosmos confirmed that a development agreement has been signed with Lavochkin Association, while key nuclear institutions including Rosatom and the Kurchatov Institute are participating, suggesting that the system will rely on advanced nuclear technology.
The proposed facility will power vehicles, research laboratories, communication systems and infrastructure associated with the International Lunar Research Station. Roscosmos emphasised that the initiative marks a strategic transition from temporary missions toward permanent lunar exploration.
Russia’s determination comes despite previous setbacks, most notably the failure of the Luna-25 lander in 2023. For decades, Russia prided itself as a leader in space science, but technological momentum has shifted, with China rapidly advancing and the United States transforming launch technology through private-sector innovation, particularly under Elon Musk’s SpaceX.
Earlier this year, Roscosmos leadership stressed that sustainable energy is essential for maintaining a continuous lunar presence. The moon, located roughly 384,400 kilometres from Earth, is expected to become a strategic frontier not only for science but also for resource potential.
The United States has also declared plans to install a lunar nuclear reactor by 2030. American leadership has admitted that Washington is currently trailing in the lunar race but views nuclear power as essential to support life support systems, lunar manufacturing and future trips to Mars.
While global treaties prohibit the deployment of nuclear weapons in space, there are no restrictions against nuclear energy systems if safety requirements are met.
Analysts predict intensifying competition as nations recognise potential economic gains. Research suggests the moon may host significant quantities of Helium-3 and rare earth elements, materials that could reshape future industries.
With rival powers accelerating their space strategies, the race is no longer about planting a flag — it is about who builds the infrastructure that keeps humanity on the moon.